Schemas – review

Body language instance

Correspondence bias

&= nbsp; “Power of the situation”

&= nbsp; Different for others than self

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Associative learning – review

Schemas – review

&nb= sp; If accessible how activated

&= nbsp; Transient activation – priming

&= nbsp; Chronic activation – rumination, chronic priming

&= nbsp; Conditio= ned stimuli

&= nbsp; Level of activation

Affective reaction to thoughts and behaviors – mostly thoughts

Set point

Maintenance forces at = work

Schema maintenance

Confirmati= on bias

Negative focus

&= nbsp; Survival instinct

Changing negative schema

&= nbsp; Self- schema

&= nbsp; Disqualifying the positive - Continually reemphasizing or "shooting down" positive experiences= for arbitrary, ad hoc reasons. (See special pleading.)

All-or-nothing thinking (splitting) - Thinking of things in absolute terms, like "always", "every", "never", and "there is no alternative&quo= t;. Few aspects of human behavior are so absolute

Emotional reasoning - Making decisions and arguments based on intuitions or personal feeling rather than an objective rationale and evidence.

Should statements - Patterns of thought= which imply the way things "should" or "ought to be" rather t= han the actual situation the patient is faced with, or having rigid rules which= the patient believes will "always apply" no matter what the circumsta= nces are.

Positive filtering - Focusing almost exclusively on certain, usually negative or upsetting, aspects of an event while ignoring other positive aspects

&= nbsp; Others schemas

Mind reading - Assuming special knowledge of the intentions or thoughts of others.

Fortune telling= - Exaggerating how th= ings will turn out before they happen.

Personalization= - Attribution of pers= onal responsibility (or causal role) for events over which the patient has no control. This pattern is also applied to other in the attribution of blame.=

&= nbsp; World schemas

Catastrophizing= - Focusing on the wor= st possible outcome, however unlikely, or thinking that a situation is unbeara= ble or impossible when it is really just uncomfortable.

Jumping to conclusions= - Drawing conclusions (usually negative) from little (if any) evidence.

Magnification and minimization - Distorting aspects of a memory or situation through magnifying or minimiz= ing them such that they no longer correspond to objective reality.

Overgeneralization - Taking isolated cas= es and using them to make wide generalizations.

Labeling and mislabeli= ng - Explaining behavior= s or events, merely by naming them; related to overgeneralization. Rather than describing the specific behavior, a patient assigns a label to someone of themself that implies absolute and unalterable terms. Mislabeling involves describing an event with language that is highly colored and emotionally loaded.

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