Body language instance Correspondence bias “Power of the situation” Different for others than self Associative learning – review Schemas – review If accessible how activated Transient activation – priming Chronic activation – rumination, chronic priming Conditioned stimuli Level of activation Affective reaction to thoughts and behaviors – mostly thoughts Set point Maintenance forces at work Schema maintenance Confirmation bias Negative focus Survival instinct Changing negative schema Self- schema Disqualifying the positive - Continually reemphasizing or "shooting down" positive experiences for arbitrary, ad hoc reasons. (See special pleading.) All-or-nothing thinking (splitting) - Thinking of things in absolute terms, like "always", "every", "never", and "there is no alternative". Few aspects of human behavior are so absolute Emotional reasoning - Making decisions and arguments based on intuitions or personal feeling rather than an objective rationale and evidence. Should statements - Patterns of thought which imply the way things "should" or "ought to be" rather than the actual situation the patient is faced with, or having rigid rules which the patient believes will "always apply" no matter what the circumstances are. Positive filtering - Focusing almost exclusively on certain, usually negative or upsetting, aspects of an event while ignoring other positive aspects Others schemas Mind reading - Assuming special knowledge of the intentions or thoughts of others. Fortune telling - Exaggerating how things will turn out before they happen. Personalization - Attribution of personal responsibility (or causal role) for events over which the patient has no control. This pattern is also applied to other in the attribution of blame. World schemas Catastrophizing - Focusing on the worst possible outcome, however unlikely, or thinking that a situation is unbearable or impossible when it is really just uncomfortable. Jumping to conclusions - Drawing conclusions (usually negative) from little (if any) evidence. Magnification and minimization - Distorting aspects of a memory or situation through magnifying or minimizing them such that they no longer correspond to objective reality. Overgeneralization - Taking isolated cases and using them to make wide generalizations. Labeling and mislabeling - Explaining behaviors or events, merely by naming them; related to overgeneralization. Rather than describing the specific behavior, a patient assigns a label to someone of themself that implies absolute and unalterable terms. Mislabeling involves describing an event with language that is highly colored and emotionally loaded.